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On the Green: 1900

New Haven, Connecticut, circa 1900. "Temple Street and churches on the Green." 8x10 inch dry plate glass negative, Detroit Photographic Company. View full size.

New Haven, Connecticut, circa 1900. "Temple Street and churches on the Green." 8x10 inch dry plate glass negative, Detroit Photographic Company. View full size.

 

Red, White, Blue: 1963

January 1963. "Lincoln convertible on snow road." From somewhere in the Sierras comes this Agfachrome of Don Cox's red 1957 Lincoln Premiere against a backdrop of snow white and sky blue. Happy Fourth of July from Shorpy! View full size.

January 1963. "Lincoln convertible on snow road." From somewhere in the Sierras comes this Agfachrome of Don Cox's red 1957 Lincoln Premiere against a backdrop of snow white and sky blue. Happy Fourth of July from Shorpy! View full size.

 

Hill of Beans: 1940

September 1940. Saint Mary's County, Maryland. "Mrs. Eugene Smith, FSA borrower, canning string beans." Photo by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.

September 1940. Saint Mary's County, Maryland. "Mrs. Eugene Smith, FSA borrower, canning string beans." Photo by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.

 

Maid of the Marsh: 1940

November 1940. "Daughter of day laborer. Scioto Marshes, Hardin County, Ohio. Photos show poorly housed and poorly clad workers. Wooden shacks." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.

November 1940. "Daughter of day laborer. Scioto Marshes, Hardin County, Ohio. Photos show poorly housed and poorly clad workers. Wooden shacks." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.

 

Grocery Corner: 1941

March 1941.  Norfolk, Virginia. "Traffic on Bainbridge Boulevard." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.

March 1941. Norfolk, Virginia. "Traffic on Bainbridge Boulevard." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.

 

Fountain of Youth: 1941

March 1941. Norfolk, Virginia. "A miscellany of pictures in overcrowded Navy towns. Corridor in public school." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon. View full size.

March 1941. Norfolk, Virginia. "A miscellany of pictures in overcrowded Navy towns. Corridor in public school." Medium format acetate negative by John Vachon. View full size.

 

Country Barber: 1941

April 1941. "Mr. J. H. Parham, barber and notary public, in his shop in Centralhatchee, Heard County, Georgia." Photo by Jack Delano for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.

April 1941. "Mr. J. H. Parham, barber and notary public, in his shop in Centralhatchee, Heard County, Georgia." Photo by Jack Delano for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.

 

Fiery Fairlane: 1963

Dearborn, Michigan. "1963 Ford Fairlane two-door sedan." Color transparency from the Ford Motor Co. photographic archive. View full size.

Dearborn, Michigan. "1963 Ford Fairlane two-door sedan." Color transparency from the Ford Motor Co. photographic archive. View full size.

Desert Oasis: 1962

June 13, 1962. "Helene Alexander at her home in Palm Springs, California, with Mrs. Zeppo Marx." Kodachrome by Cal Bernstein for the Look magazine assignment "Promised land for millions of migrating Americans: California's way-out way of life." View full size.

June 13, 1962. "Helene Alexander at her home in Palm Springs, California, with Mrs. Zeppo Marx." Kodachrome by Cal Bernstein for the Look magazine assignment "Promised land for millions of migrating Americans: California's way-out way of life." View full size.

Over and Under: 1936

April 1936. "Housing conditions in crowded parts of Milwaukee. Housing under the Wisconsin Avenue viaduct." Photo by Carl Mydans for the Resettlement Administration. View full size.

April 1936. "Housing conditions in crowded parts of Milwaukee. Housing under the Wisconsin Avenue viaduct." Photo by Carl Mydans for the Resettlement Administration. View full size.

 

Carnival Ride From Hell: 1911

January 1911. South Pittston, Pennsylvania. "A view of the Pennsylvania Breaker. 'Breaker boys' remove rocks and other debris from the coal by hand as it passes beneath them. The dust is so dense at times as to obscure the view and penetrates the utmost recesses of the boys' lungs." Photo by Lewis Wickes Hine. View full size.

From the 1906 book The Bitter Cry of the Children by labor reformer John Spargo:

        Work in the coal breakers is exceedingly hard and dangerous. Crouched over the chutes, the boys sit hour after hour, picking out the pieces of slate and other refuse from the coal as it rushes past to the washers. From the cramped position they have to assume, most of them become more or less deformed and bent-backed like old men. When a boy has been working for some time and begins to get round-shouldered, his fellows say that “He’s got his boy to carry round wherever he goes.”          The coal is hard, and accidents to the hands, such as cut, broken, or crushed fingers, are common among the boys. Sometimes there is a worse accident: a terrified shriek is heard, and a boy is mangled and torn in the machinery, or disappears in the chute to be picked out later smothered and dead. Clouds of dust fill the breakers and are inhaled by the boys, laying the foundations for asthma and miners’ consumption.

        I once stood in a breaker for half an hour and tried to do the work a 12-year-old boy was doing day after day, for 10 hours at a stretch, for 60 cents a day. The gloom of the breaker appalled me. Outside the sun shone brightly, the air was pellucid, and the birds sang in chorus with the trees and the rivers. Within the breaker there was blackness, clouds of deadly dust enfolded everything, the harsh, grinding roar of the machinery and the ceaseless rushing of coal through the chutes filled the ears. I tried to pick out the pieces of slate from the hurrying stream of coal, often missing them; my hands were bruised and cut in a few minutes; I was covered from head to foot with coal dust, and for many hours afterwards I was expectorating some of the small particles of anthracite I had swallowed.

        I could not do that work and live, but there were boys of 10 and 12 years of age doing it for 50 and 60 cents a day. Some of them had never been inside of a school; few of them could read a child’s primer. True, some of them attended the night schools, but after working 10 hours in the breaker the educational results from attending school were practically nil. “We goes fer a good time, an’ we keeps de guys wot’s dere hoppin’ all de time,” said little Owen Jones, whose work I had been trying to do.

        From the breakers the boys graduate to the mine depths, where they become door tenders, switch boys, or mule drivers. Here, far below the surface, work is still more dangerous. At 14 or 15 the boys assume the same risks as the men, and are surrounded by the same perils. Nor is it in Pennsylvania only that these conditions exist. In the bituminous mines of West Virginia, boys of 9 or 10 are frequently employed. I met one little fellow 10 years old in Mount Carbon, West Virginia, last year, who was employed as a “trap boy.” Think of what it means to be a trap boy at 10 years of age. It means to sit alone in a dark mine passage hour after hour, with no human soul near; to see no living creature except the mules as they pass with their loads, or a rat or two seeking to share one’s meal; to stand in water or mud that covers the ankles, chilled to the marrow by the cold draughts that rush in when you open the trap door for the mules to pass through; to work for 14 hours — waiting — opening and shutting a door — then waiting again for 60 cents; to reach the surface when all is wrapped in the mantle of night, and to fall to the earth exhausted and have to be carried away to the nearest “shack” to be revived before it is possible to walk to the farther shack called “home.”

        Boys 12 years of age may be legally employed in the mines of West Virginia, by day or by night, and for as many hours as the employers care to make them toil or their bodies will stand the strain. Where the disregard of child life is such that this may be done openly and with legal sanction, it is easy to believe what miners have again and again told me — that there are hundreds of little boys of 9 and 10 years of age employed in the coal mines of this state.
-- John Spargo, The Bitter Cry of the Children (New York: Macmillan, 1906)

January 1911. South Pittston, Pennsylvania. "A view of the Pennsylvania Breaker. 'Breaker boys' remove rocks and other debris from the coal by hand as it passes beneath them. The dust is so dense at times as to obscure the view and penetrates the utmost recesses of the boys' lungs." Photo by Lewis Wickes Hine. View full size.

From the 1906 book The Bitter Cry of the Children by labor reformer John Spargo:

        Work in the coal breakers is exceedingly hard and dangerous. Crouched over the chutes, the boys sit hour after hour, picking out the pieces of slate and other refuse from the coal as it rushes past to the washers. From the cramped position they have to assume, most of them become more or less deformed and bent-backed like old men. When a boy has been working for some time and begins to get round-shouldered, his fellows say that “He’s got his boy to carry round wherever he goes.”

 

Breaker Boys: 1911

January 1911. "Group of boys working in No. 9 Breaker. Pennsylvania Coal Co., Hughestown Borough, Pittston, Pennsylvania. Smallest is Sam Belloma, Pine Street." Photograph by Lewis Wickes Hine for the National Child Labor Committee. View full size.

January 1911. "Group of boys working in No. 9 Breaker. Pennsylvania Coal Co., Hughestown Borough, Pittston, Pennsylvania. Smallest is Sam Belloma, Pine Street." Photograph by Lewis Wickes Hine for the National Child Labor Committee. View full size.

 

Tobacco Tim: 1917

August 6, 1917. "10 year old picker on Gildersleeve Tobacco Farm. Gildersleeve, Connecticut." Photo by Lewis Wickes Hine for the National Child Labor Committee. View full size.

August 6, 1917. "10 year old picker on Gildersleeve Tobacco Farm. Gildersleeve, Connecticut." Photo by Lewis Wickes Hine for the National Child Labor Committee. View full size.

 

Olden Arches: 1936

April 1936. "Housing conditions in crowded parts of Milwaukee. Housing under the Wisconsin Avenue viaduct." Another look at the F. Knop Tavern, last seen here. Nitrate negative by Carl Mydans for the Resettlement Administration. View full size.

April 1936. "Housing conditions in crowded parts of Milwaukee. Housing under the Wisconsin Avenue viaduct." Another look at the F. Knop Tavern, last seen here. Nitrate negative by Carl Mydans for the Resettlement Administration. View full size.

 

Terry's Coffee Shop: 1941

September 1941. "Transport truck in service station. Scottsbluff, Nebraska." Medium format acetate negative by Marion Post Wolcott for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.

September 1941. "Transport truck in service station. Scottsbluff, Nebraska." Medium format acetate negative by Marion Post Wolcott for the Farm Security Administration. View full size.

 
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